HGI’s Geotection Monitoring\LDM System
HGI’s GeotectionTM Resistivity Monitoring\LDM System was designed to act as both a long term monitoring and rapid acquisition system for tracking subsurface fluid, contaminants, and heat movement in variable saturated media. Our system provides rapid data acqusition, meets stringent UL/NEC electrical safety and can be expanded in blocks of 60 channels. A three block, 180 channel system is most common.
Click Thumbnail at right to see HGI’s “Surface Geophysical Exploration” technology featured in the July 29 issue of ‘Solutions’, a weekly publication of highlights and progress of the Hanford Tank Operations Contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS).
Geotection is particularly suitable for:
- Leak detection from containment systems (underground storage tanks, levees and dams, landfills, pond liners, etc)
- Monitoring underground injections for enhanced oil/mineral recovery
- Monitoring the efficacy of remediation designs
- Assessing geohazards from flooding, drought, and landslides
- Reservoir monitoring
- Hydraulic fracturing
Overview
hydroGEOPHYSICS, Inc. (HGI) and Columbia Energy, Inc. are pleased to introduce our latest resistivity data acquisition system called Geotection. This trailer mounted system uses the electrical resistivity geophysical method to detect and monitor subtle changes within the subsurface that may indicate the presence of and-or movement of fluid within the subsurface. Currently, our system can sample 180 channels of simultaneous data, making it the fastest resistivity data acquisition system on the market. Geotection incorporates over 30 years of experience from a diverse project base that’s extends from mineral exploration and mining to environmental characterization and remediation.
Standard features include a completely modular design (making maintenance and upgrades fast and cost effective), self-diagnostics systems, remote and autonomous operation, and electrical noise suppression systems that allow performance on complex industrial sites. Geotection consists of a mobile, trailer-based enclosure that can be temporarily or permanently deployed at a project site using mains or generator power. Climate controls and satellite communication systems allow deployment in remote and harsh environments. In addition, Geotection is one of the few resistivity systems with UL/NEC compliance and our system was designed and fabricated under a NQA-1 quality assurance program.

Geotection Trailer Climate Controlled Operating Station.
Geotection breaks the traditional resistivity paradigm by accommodating investigations needing:
- High temporal and spatial resolution
- Near real-time information on solution migration
- Modularity
- Full control over acquisition parameters
- Remote operations
- Internal climate control
- Power from generator or AC
- Safety alarms with SMS messaging
- Enough leg room to work, eat, and sleep
At 180 channels, the system promises a full measurement sweep in less than 20 minutes (with the pole-pole array, producing 32,220 voltage values).
- Geotection Trailer
Components
HGI produces full UL-compliant resistivity acquisition systems capable of long-term monitoring on federal properties. Quality assurance also accompanies Geotection through full and complete drawing sets, auditable software, and NIST-traceable calibration.
The hardware, mounted in a shock-resistant rack, was designed to accommodate rugged field use and its modular design lends for quick and easy repair with no need to leave the survey site.
- Current transmission boards feature robust mechanical relays with proven reliability. Power output rated for 800W with full control over waveforms, stacking, duty cycle, and contact resistance thresholds.
- Channel-specific tunable signal conditioning boards ensures the cleanest data possible. Data acquisition provided by National Instruments PCI cards. SP corrections.
Software
- Controlled by Labview – by running Labview, an industry leading software control system, customized acquisition software can be created to ensure relevant parameters are measured and recorded. Also features an intuitive sequencing of electrode combinations with multiple sequence files running in an order set by the user based on priority. Data are written to a database for easy access, real-time plotting, and extraction for inverse modeling.
Performance
HGI strives for high data quality, exacting measurements, and repeatability in resistivity acquisition. A demonstration is presented below, comparing data acquired with Geotection to a leading industry standard for resistivity acquisition – the AGI SuperSting R8. The two datasets are on average less than 8% different from each other. Repeatability tests of Geotection data consistently reveal a coefficient of variation (COV) of around 0.005 ohms.

Results of comparing data acquired with Geotection to a leading industry standard for resistivity acquisition – the AGI SuperSting R8.
Example – Case Study
High quality resistivity data acquired from Geotection during a pressurized injection monitoring project were inverse modeled to produce volumetric images of solution coverage. The image below shows the progression of fluid movement at four different times during the injection at a depth of 110 feet. Directionality of solution movement was confirmed by monitoring a decreasing contact resistance in the borehole electrodes.

Results of data acquired with Geotection during a pressurized injection monitoring project. The data were inverse modeled to produce volumetric images of solution coverage. This image shows the progression of fluid movement at four different times during the injection at a depth of 110 feet.
GEOTECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Click here to View/Download Geotection technical specifications PDF.
Property | Specification |
Measurement modes | Apparent resistivity, resistance, self-potential, contact resistance, transmitter current and voltage, receiver voltage, weather (in/out temp, rain, wind, humidity) |
Measurement range (input voltage) | +/- 10 Volts |
Measurement resolution | 16-bit (305 microvolts per +/- 10 volt full-scale range) to (6.1 microvolts per +/- 0.2 volt full-scale range) |
Precision | 0.05% in the range from 10Ω to 0.01Ω, 0.025% in the range from 0.1Ω to 0.01Ω |
Resistance resolution | 77μΩ @ 4A to1.5 μΩ @ 4A |
Output current intensity | 1 milliamp – 8000 milliamp |
Output voltage | 120 volts (optional 240 volt upgrade) |
Input channels | 180 base simultaneous receiver channels (not multiplexed) |
Multiplexor | Expandable multiplexing in groups of 60 sensors |
Input gain ranging | Automatic or Manual |
Input impedance | >10 M Ohm. |
Frequency | 0.05 to 5 Hz |
Duty Cycle | 10 to 90 percent |
Pulses per Measurement | Programmable from 1 to 1,000. |
Measurement Time | Simultaneous 180 Channel Pole-Pole measurement sequence in ~15 minutes |
Array Type | Measured pole-pole, calculated any dipole-dipole, Wenner, or custom designed 4-pole combinations. |
Sampling Window | Operator adjustable |
Filters (Noise suppression) | Analog (hardware) 10 Hz low pass or 1 kHz low pass |
Fault / Alarm Detection | Detects AC power fail, user-selected disconnect (override), open circuit (wire) detection, over-temperature, under temperature, system start, system stop, overvoltage, trailer entry alarm, lightning proximity notification Programmable email and text notifications |
Serviceability | Modular design can be serviced with single Philips head screwdriver |
Safety | Emergency stop in and outside, manual lockout to support lock-out & tag-out protocols |
Error analysis | Point-to-Point error and Pulse-to-Pulse error |
Powerline noise suppression | 50 and 60 Hz (see filters) |
Total accuracy | < 0.2% hardware with software calibration on NIST traceable calibration test box |
System calibration | Externally calibrated using NIST traceable calibration box |
Operating system | Windows 7 |
Data storage | Redundant enterprise-grade laptop hard drives SQL Database storage ASCII CSV summary files Binary full-waveform files |
Data display | Numeric and graphical, full waveform, web-based visualization software |
Remote Control | Full control via remote login including system calibration |
Data Processing | Automatic detection of anomalous voltage conditions indicative of leaks. Leak rate estimation. Leak potential indication. |
Memory capacity | Limited to hard drive size |
Data transmission | USB, Wireless Network (LAN), Internet, 2-way Satellite optional |
Quality Assurance | NQA-1 since 2004 |
Electrical Safety | UL Listed/NEC compliant, plug and cord design for maintenance safety |
Housing | System housed in a portable trailer equipped with climate controls, uninterruptable power supply, weather monitoring, and wireless communications |
Display | 22 and 37 inch 1080p displays |
Input Power | 240V 50Amp |
Operating temperature | Climate controlled trailer |